Identification Information:
Citation:
Citation Information:
Originator: Alberta Energy Regulator
Originator: Alberta Geological Survey
Originator: Chowdhury, S.
Originator: Chao, D.K.
Publication Date: 201805
Title:
Time-Series Land-use/Land-cover Classifications of the Upper Peace Region of Alberta, Derived from 1985 to 2015 Landsat Multispectral Data (image data, TIFF format)
Geospatial Data Presentation Form: raster digital data
Series Information:
Series Name: Digital Data
Issue Identification: DIG 2018-0004
Publication Information:
Publication Place: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Publisher: Alberta Geological Survey
Online Linkage: http://ags.aer.ca/document/DIG/DIG_2018_0004.zip
Description:
Abstract:

This time-series land-use/land-cover (LULC) classification data set is derived from Landsat multispectral data for the Upper Peace Region of Alberta, captured between 1985 and 2015.

This land classification raster dataset contains 11 classes: 0 - Unclassified, 1 - Shrubland, 2 - Grassland, 3 - Coniferous Forest, 4 - Deciduous Forest, 5 - Open Water, 6 - Wetland (Bog/Fen/Marsh/Swamp), 7 - Exposed Land/Bare Soil, 8 - Cropland/Pasture, 9 - Developed Footprints, and 10 - Fire Scar.

The time-series are stacked to create a 7-band TIFF image with each band representing a five-year interval between 1985 and 2015.

Purpose:
To provide a 1985-2015 baseline LULC classification dataset for land-use planning and land-disturbance analysis in the Upper Peace Region of Alberta.
Supplemental Information: Language: In English;
Time Period of Content:
Time Period Information:
Range of Dates/Times:
Beginning Date: 1985
Ending Date: 2015
Currentness Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance and Update Frequency: As needed
Spatial Domain:
Bounding Coordinates:
West Bounding Coordinate: -120.277812
East Bounding Coordinate: -115.884465
North Bounding Coordinate: 57.416362
South Bounding Coordinate: 53.77092
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme Keyword Thesaurus: none
Theme Keyword: land disturbance
Theme Keyword: land use
Theme Keyword: land use planning
Theme Keyword: landsat
Theme Keyword: landsat 7
Theme Keyword: landsat 8
Theme Keyword: raster grid
Theme Keyword: remote sensing
Place:
Place Keyword Thesaurus: none
Place Keyword: 83e
Place Keyword: 83f
Place Keyword: 83k
Place Keyword: 83l
Place Keyword: 83m
Place Keyword: 83n
Place Keyword: 84c
Place Keyword: 84d
Place Keyword: 84e
Place Keyword: 84f
Place Keyword: alberta
Place Keyword: canada
Access Constraints: Public
Use Constraints:
Acknowledgement of the Alberta Energy Regulator/Alberta Geological Survey as the originator/source of this information is required as described in the Open Government License - Alberta.
Point of Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Organization Primary:
Contact Organization: Alberta Geological Survey
Contact Person: AGS Information Manager
Contact Position: AGS Information Manager
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing and physical
Address: Alberta Energy Regulator
Address: 4th Floor, Twin Atria Building
Address: 4999-98 Avenue NW
City: Edmonton
State or Province: Alberta
Postal Code: T6B 2X3
Country: Canada
Contact Voice Telephone: (780) 638-4491
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (780) 422-1459
Contact Electronic Mail Address: AGS-Info@aer.ca
Hours of Service: 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Data Quality Information:
Attribute Accuracy:
Attribute Accuracy Report:

The Overall accuracy is the total number of correctly classified pixels divided by the total number of pixels in the error matrix N.

The Producer accuracy is an indication of the probability of a reference pixel being correctly classified. It is calculated by dividing the number of correctly classified pixels in a class by the total number of pixels in that class.

The User accuracy is a ratio of the total number of correctly classified pixels in a class divided by the total number of pixels that were classified in that class. It indicates the probability that a pixel classified on the map represents that class on the ground.

The Kappa coefficient indicates if the accuracy level is significantly better than a random result, providing a better comparison of different classifications.

LULC Classification result of 1985

Overall Accuracy = (27906303/34077250) 81.8913%

Kappa Coefficient = 0.7250

Class | Producer Accuracy (%) | User Accuracy (%) | Producer Accuracy (Pixel Ratio) | User Accuracy (Pixel Ratio)

Shrubland | 30.49 | 20.60 | 109966/360610 | 109966/533906

Grassland | 30.05 | 4.98 | 19462/64768 | 19462/390667

Coniferous | 81.16 | 89.93 | 10953125/13495741 | 10953125/12179655

Deciduous | 86.14 | 90.29 | 12140116/14093066 12140116/13445626

Open Water | 96.53 | 75.29 | 86138/89234 | 86138/114408

Wetland | 76.63 | 61.91 | 4487852/5856823 | 4487852/7249367

Exposed Land | 99.85 | 64.04 | 89196/89327 | 89196/139289

Developed | 73.87 | 84.04 | 20448/27681 | 20448/24332

LULC Classification result of 1990

Overall Accuracy = (25606752/30875972) 82.9342%

Kappa Coefficient = 0.7380

Class | Producer Accuracy (%) | User Accuracy (%) | Producer Accuracy (Pixel Ratio) | User Accuracy (Pixel Ratio)

Shrubland | 37.10 | 20.29 | 108651/292823 | 108651/535510

Grassland | 30.55 | 5.89 | 15356/50257 | 15356/260579

Coniferous | 81.30 | 90.62 | 9961624/12253231 | 9961624/10993227

Deciduous | 87.87 | 90.61 | 11479253/13064264 | 11479253/12668628

Open Water | 89.08 | 41.11 | 11150/12517 | 11150/27121

Wetland | 77.16 | 62.98 | 3944801/5112314 | 3944801/6263318

Exposed Land | 99.59 | 63.35 | 67023/67296 | 67023/105790

Developed | 81.19 | 86.67 | 18894/23270 | 18894/21799

LULC Classification result of 1995

Overall Accuracy = (28333250/34937626) 81.0967%

Kappa Coefficient = 0.7158

Class | Producer Accuracy (% )| User Accuracy (%) | Producer Accuracy (Pixel Ratio) | User Accuracy (Pixel Ratio)

Shrubland | 46.24 | 36.11 | 302242/653634 | 302242/836950

Grassland | 33.15 | 10.92 | 33523/101133 | 33523/307070

Coniferous | 79.23 | 90.28 | 11009728/13895048 | 11009728/12195353

Deciduous | 86.49 | 90.16 | 12366951/14298720 | 12366951/13716349

Open Water | 96.01 | 74.98 | 99111/103233 | 99111/132190

Wetland | 76.13 | 58.01 | 4336535/5696049 | 4336535/7474929

Exposed Land | 98.16 | 66.56 | 162051/165092 | 162051/243476

Developed | 93.49 | 73.81 | 23109/24717 | 23109/31309

LULC Classification result of 2000

Overall Accuracy = (32407665/40106030) 80.8050%

Kappa Coefficient = 0.7208

Class | Producer Accuracy (%) | User Accuracy (%) | Producer Accuracy (Pixel Ratio) | User Accuracy (Pixel Ratio)

Shrubland | 54.43 | 52.99 | 756244/1389396 | 756244/1427223

Grassland | 34.45 | 16.65 | 81148/235561 | 81148/487335

Coniferous | 78.91 | 89.54 | 11695821/14822219 | 11695821/13062117

Deciduous | 87.22 | 88.91 | 13943163/15986594 | 13943163/15682247

Open Water | 94.50 | 93.00 | 458742/485452 | 458742/493256

Wetland | 74.52 | 59.80 | 4975817/6676778 | 4975817/8321455

Exposed Land | 99.55 | 77.92 | 442503/444481 | 442503/567877

Developed | 82.73 | 84.05 | 54227/65549 | 54227/64520

LULC Classification result of 2005

Overall Accuracy = (28578934/35752013) 79.9366%

Kappa Coefficient = 0.6956

Class | Producer Accuracy (%) | User Accuracy (%) | Producer Accuracy (Pixel Ratio) | User Accuracy (Pixel Ratio)

Shrubland | 48.50 | 54.84 | 672097/1385794 | 672097/1225494

Grassland | 30.00 | 11.80 | 57912/193032 | 57912/490933

Coniferous | 77.61 | 91.53 | 11054114/14243226 | 11054114/12076772

Deciduous | 86.80 | 90.19 | 13660454/15738244 | 13660454/15146141

Open Water | 95.19 | 85.34 | 215253/226124 | 215253/252220

Wetland | 72.39 | 43.39 | 2714134/3749484 | 2714134/6255131

Exposed Land | 95.62 | 69.53 | 177467/185597 | 177467/255242

Developed | 90.14 | 54.92 | 27503/30512 | 27503/50080

LULC Classification result of 2010

Overall Accuracy = (29554171/37298849) 79.2361%

Kappa Coefficient = 0.6946

Class | Producer Accuracy (%) | User Accuracy (%) | Producer Accuracy (Pixel Ratio) | User Accuracy (Pixel Ratio)

Shrubland | 46.79 | 45.15 | 538835/1151546 | 538835/1193517

Grassland | 25.74 | 5.43 | 32737/127188 | 32737/603018

Coniferous | 76.87 | 89.16 | 10412354/13545148 | 10412354/11677713

Deciduous | 85.28 | 89.15 | 13278851/15570587 | 13278851/14895494

Open Water | 96.49 | 76.21 | 202465/209822 | 202465/265682

Wetland | 75.33 | 58.27 | 4856615/6446747 | 4856615/8334262

Exposed Land | 95.93 | 70.02 | 196360/204687 | 196360/280429

Developed | 83.37 | 73.78 | 35954/43124 | 35954/48734

LULC Classification result of 2015

Overall Accuracy = (25010859/30972007) 80.7531%

Kappa Coefficient = 0.7136

Classs | Producer Accuracy (%) |User Accuracy (%) | P roducer Accuracy (Pixel Ratio) | User Accuracy (Pixel Ratio)

Shrubland | 37.84 | 54.20 | 327393/865234 | 327393/604010

Grassland | 21.05 | 5.10 | 17779/84452 | 17779/348315

Coniferous | 78.60 | 89.30 | 9356764/11903527 | 9356764/10477964

Deciduous | 88.00 | 88.49 |10898515/12384004 | 10898515/12315500

Open Water | 95.72 | 82.45 | 78731/82248 | 78731/95485

Wetland | 75.78 | 60.39 | 4103299/5414723 | 4103299/6795049

Exposed Land | 98.35 | 66.06 | 196001/199299 | 196001/296685

Developed | 84.05 | 83.02 | 32377/38520 | 32377/38999

The accuracy assessment of the LULC classification result was conducted using the Digital Integrated Dispositions (DIDs) and Alberta Merged Wetland Inventory (AMWI) data from the Government of Alberta, and the Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI) Wall-to-wall Land Cover datasets for 2010.

The Cropland/Pasture class was excluded from accuracy assessment since this class was attributed based on agricultural land data sourced from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. In addition, the Fire Scar class was excluded from the accuracy assessment since this class was attributed by matching historical wildfire data sourced from the Government of Alberta that fall within the Exposed Land/Bare Soil class.

Logical Consistency Report: The dataset is in GeoTIFF format and has no null values.
Completeness Report:
All pixels in the annual Landsat cloud-free composite datasets were used for image analysis. Every pixel in the raster grid is classified to a single class. Pixels with sensor noise or thick cloud and pixels outside the study area were assigned a ‘0’ (unclassified) value.
Lineage:
Source Information:
Source Citation:
Citation Information:
Originator: Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute
Publication Date: 2010
Title: Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute's land cover map
Edition: Version 1.0 (ABMIw2wLCV2010v1.0)
Geospatial Data Presentation Form: raster digital data
Publication Information:
Publication Place: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Publisher: Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute
Other Citation Details:
Based on two raster datasets: the Canadian Forest Service Earth Observation for Sustainable Development land cover dataset, and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada land cover dataset.
Online Linkage: ftp://ftp.public.abmi.ca/GISProduct/LandCover/W2W2010/ABMIw2wLCV2010v10.zip
Source Scale Denominator: 0
Type of Source Media: disc
Source Time Period of Content:
Time Period Information:
Single Date/Time:
Calendar Date: 2010
Source Currentness Reference: publication date
Source Citation Abbreviation: Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI)
Source Contribution:
The vegetative classes: coniferous forest, broadleaf forest, mixed forest, agriculture, grassland, and shrubland were acquired from the ABMI data.
Source Information:
Source Citation:
Citation Information:
Originator: White, J.C.
Originator: Wulder, M.A.
Originator: Hermosilla, T.
Originator: Coops, N.C.
Originator: Hobart, G.W.
Publication Date: 2017
Title:
A nationwide annual characterization of 25 years of forest disturbance and recovery for Canada using Landsat time series
Geospatial Data Presentation Form: remote-sensing image
Publication Information:
Publication Place: Victoria, BC, Canada
Publisher: Remote Sensing of Environment
Other Citation Details: Volume 194; Pages 303-321
Online Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.03.035
Source Scale Denominator: 0
Type of Source Media: online
Source Time Period of Content:
Time Period Information:
Range of Dates/Times:
Beginning Date: 1985
Ending Date: 2010
Source Currentness Reference: ground condition
Source Citation Abbreviation: Canadian Forest Service
Source Contribution: LULC classification is derived from this imagery
Process Step:
Process Description:

Process steps were performed in ENVI 5.4 and GRASS GIS 7.2.2 software to produce the classification map:

1. Pre-release versions of annual Landsat Best Available Pixel Composite (LBAPC) data from 1984 to 2012 with 30 m spatial resolution were obtained from the Natural Resources Canada/Pacific Forestry Centre for testing purposes. Of these, the 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 to 2010 data were used as inputs to produce this time-series LULC classification stack. In addition, 2015 LBAPC data were produced in-house using the Google Earth Engine.

2. Ground-reference datasets were created from DIDs and AMWI data and ABMI Wall-to-wall Land Cover data.

3. A Random Forest classification algorithm was applied to the LBAPC data to produce LULC classifications for the Shrubland, Grassland, Coniferous Forest, Deciduous Forest, Open Water, Wetland (Bog/Fen/Marsh/Swamp), and Exposed Land/Bare Soil classes.

4. The Developed Footprint class was produced using the Constraint Energy Minimization and Spectral Angle Mapper partial unmixing method followed by a K-Means clustering. Post-classification techniques (i.e., majority filter, high-pass filter, clump, and sieve) were applied to all of the classes to refine the result and to minimize false detections. False detections (e.g., sandbars and fire scars misclassified as developed footprint) were further reduced by matching the DIDs areas that fall within this class.

5. The Cropland/Pasture class was attributed based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values >0.7, contained in agricultural land data obtained from the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. In addition, Fire Scar class was attributed by matching historical wildfire data sourced from the Government of Alberta with the Exposed Land/Bare Soil class.

6. Classification maps were refined by keeping the classified areas constant over time for the areas that did not change over time based on the image-to-image changes extracted using the Normalized Difference Built-up Index from 1985 to 2015 with 5-year gap.

Part of the process step was adapted from our previous work published in the following journal paper.

These process steps were adapted from previous work published in the following journal paper.

Chowdhury, S., Chao, D.K., Shipman, T.C. and Wulder, M.A. (2017): Utilization of Landsat data to quantify land-use and land-cover changes related to oil and gas activities in west-central Alberta from 2005 to 2013: GIScience and Remote Sensing, p. 700-720, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2017.1317453.

Process Date: 2018
Spatial Data Organization Information:
Direct Spatial Reference Method: Raster
Raster Object Information:
Raster Object Type: Pixel
Row Count: 13385
Column Count: 8803
Spatial Reference Information:
Horizontal Coordinate System Definition:
Planar:
Map Projection:
Map Projection Name: UTM Zone 11N
Transverse Mercator:
Scale Factor at Central Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude of Central Meridian: -117.0
Latitude of Projection Origin: 0.0
False Easting: 500000.0
False Northing: 0.0
Planar Coordinate Information:
Planar Coordinate Encoding Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate Representation:
Abscissa Resolution: 0.000000002220024164500956
Ordinate Resolution: 0.000000002220024164500956
Planar Distance Units: meter
Geodetic Model:
Horizontal Datum Name: D WGS 1984
Ellipsoid Name: WGS 1984
Semi-Major Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 298.257223563
Distribution Information:
Distributor:
Contact Information:
Contact Organization Primary:
Contact Organization: Alberta Geological Survey
Contact Person: AGS Information Manager
Contact Position: AGS Information Manager
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing and physical
Address: Alberta Energy Regulator
Address: 4th Floor, Twin Atria Building
Address: 4999-98 Avenue NW
City: Edmonton
State or Province: Alberta
Postal Code: T6B 2X3
Country: Canada
Contact Voice Telephone: (780) 638-4491
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (780) 422-1459
Contact Electronic Mail Address: AGS-Info@aer.ca
Hours of Service: 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Distribution Liability:
The Alberta Energy Regulator/Alberta Geological Survey (AER/AGS) licenses this information under the Open Government License - Alberta. Any references to proprietary software in our documentation, and/or any use of proprietary data formats in our releases, do not constitute endorsement by the AER/AGS of any manufacturer's product.
Metadata Reference Information:
Metadata Date: 20180509
Metadata Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Organization Primary:
Contact Organization: Alberta Geological Survey
Contact Person: AGS Information Manager
Contact Position: AGS Information Manager
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing and physical
Address: Alberta Energy Regulator
Address: 4th Floor, Twin Atria Building
Address: 4999-98 Avenue NW
City: Edmonton
State or Province: Alberta
Postal Code: T6B 2X3
Country: Canada
Contact Voice Telephone: (780) 638-4491
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (780) 422-1459
Contact Electronic Mail Address: AGS-Info@aer.ca
Hours of Service: 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Metadata Standard Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata Standard Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata Time Convention: local time
Metadata Access Constraints: none
Metadata Use Constraints: none