There is a long and extensive history of study regarding the origins and characteristics of brines within the Alberta Basin of Canada. This study focuses on the origins of Li-enriched (>50 mg/kg) brines of the late Devonian Swan Hills, Nisku and Leduc Formations of the southwestern Alberta Basin. Data recently published by the Alberta Geological Survey show that two Li-enriched brines having distinctly different geochemical characteristics, and thus distinct evolutionary histories, exist within the late Devonian carbonates of the southwestern Alberta Basin.
Li-enriched brine of the Swan Hills Formation was formed by dissolution of halite and mixing with Li-enriched fluids expelled from Precambrian crystalline basement. The degree of mixing between Swan Hills brines and meteoric water is unknown.
Li-enriched brine of the Nisku and Leduc Formations was formed by preferential dissolution of Li-enriched late-stage evaporite minerals, likely from the middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite, into evapoconcentrated late Devonian seawater. Dense Li-enriched brine migrated downward into the underlying early Devonian Winnipegosis Formation and then westward in response to tectonically-driven westward tilting beginning in Jurassic time. Li-enriched brine was then diluted by mixing with meteoric water driven into the Devonian of the southwestern Alberta Basin in response to hydrologic gradients created by the effects of Laramide tectonics.